Sanctuary Chemistry Station - A Perfect Gift For Your Home

Sanctuary Chemistry Station - A Perfect Gift For Your HomeIf you love salt and pepper shakers, the Sanctuary Chemistry Station makes a great gift for a friend or loved one. Made of durable metal, this sturdy steel station has many years of use and can stand up to strong kitchen use. The container is designed to store all of your salt and pepper shakers for you and your family to enjoy.This container comes with a lid that ensures that your shakers will remain cool and gentle heat. There is also a beaker above the salt containers which can be used to make cocktails, mints, marmalades, or other types of candies.The containers are made of sturdy metal and can be held together by galvanized metal ties, which prevent rusting. This special metal is produced in various colors and can be polished and stained to blend in with your interior decor. It's easy to clean since there is a shelf below the container and all that is needed is a damp cloth. You can also hand wash the shakers in warm wate r and let them air dry.There are permanent magnets on the container for attaching to your refrigerator, spice rack, salt and pepper jars, bottle stoppers, and wall outlet strips. There are three different sizes and configurations of these magnets. The smallest size magnet is used to attach the largest size shakers while the middle size magnet is used to attach the smallest size shakers.The Sanctuary Chemistry Station is designed to last for many years, so it is a great investment for your home. They are the perfect addition to any kitchen or dining room.This chemistry station can also be used to keep track of the amount of salt and pepper used during a meal, as well as how much spice was used to flavor a dish. It also has a small handle so it can be moved easily from one place to another.The all stainless steel design makes it an excellent choice for keeping the home or workspace in a safe environment. These stainless steel containers will be hard wearing and will also resist rustin g, making them an attractive way to add extra charm to your kitchen.They can be used as science project ideas for school projects or as family fun. They are easy to find and make wonderful gifts for anyone who loves to cook or simply wants an elegant way to organize their salt and pepper shakers.

The Wage Gap Icelands on Board, but Where Are We

The Wage Gap Iceland's on Board, but Where Are We Photo Via: http://girltalkhq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Wage-Gap-feminism-31081274-420-294.jpg According to a recent New York Times article, the wage gap has been a serious problem not only in the U.S.  but globally. That is, until now. At least, for Iceland. The country has been battling income equality for quite some time  and has recently implemented a 5-year plan to close that ever-prominent wage gap. According to Frida Ros Waldimarsdottir, chairwoman of the Icelandic Women’s Rights Association, “For decades, we’ve said we’re going to fix [the wage gap]. But women are still getting lower pay, and that’s insane.” The Icelandic government agrees. Tuesday of this week, Iceland was the first country to introduce and pass a bill that will require employers to prove men and women are being paid equally. This is a pretty radical bill, but for good reason. Bills had been pushed in the past in an effort to reduce the wage gap, but essentially, there wasn’t any change. So, the goal is to apply far more forceful tactics to achieve this daunting task. According to Thornsteinn Viglundsson, social affairs and equality minister in Iceland, “We want to break down the last of the gender barriers in the workplace. History has shown that if you want progress, you need to enforce it.” This makes Iceland a frontrunner in terms of gender equality. In the past, they have implemented gender quotas on boards and parental leave for both parents of newborns. Essentially, Iceland is one of the fairest countries out there at the moment. Still, they continue to battle the wage gap (which is reflective of how big this problem really is). According to the Icelandic government, women are earning 14 to 20 percent less than men at this point for the same job. So, the goal is to close this gap within a five-year time span, which will hopefully influence other countries to do the same. According to the International Labor Organization, the wage gap is a global issue, and if it continues to accelerate at this pace, it won’t be closed for 70 years. This bill has an “equal pay pilot program” where women are now being sought out for higher level jobs than originally hired for due to discrimination. This will definitely be a big factor in closing that gap. Of course, not everyone is in total agreement. According to Halldor Thorbergsson, director general of the Confederation of Icelandic Employers, “Companies should [impose equal pay standards] for their own benefit and the benefit of their employees. But it should not be legalized.” And Iceland isn’t the only country with individuals and businesses against government intervention. This list also includes Britain, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland and, of course, the United States. But something has to be done and women in Iceland are pushing for change not just in their country, but globally as well. In the 70s, 90 percent of working women left their jobs and their homes to show what would happen to society without women in the workforce. This then led to the world’s (yes, the world’s) first elected female president (by a democracy), Vigdis Finnbogadottir. She was elected in 1980. In the U.S., this is still not a reality. Over half of Iceland’s Parliament is now filled with female members. Women also make up 80 percent of board members in Icelandic companies. And yet, there is still inequality. Women aren’t making as much money, and they aren’t in those top-level management positions held almost exclusively by men. So what are the rules being implemented in Iceland? Iceland is going to require larger companies to undergo audits (beginning next year) to show compliance with equal pay. All businesses with over 25 employees must begin the same audits by 2022. This will be broken down by every job (low to top level positions) identifying and fixing the wage gaps for each individual occupation. Yes, this is a long, arduous process that’s going to take quite a bit of time and money. But it’s a necessary evil to correct an issue that’s been plaguing the world for far too long. According to Arni Kristinsson, managing director of BSI Iceland, “The question is, are companies committed? At firms that are, we are already seeing the pay gap narrow.” This narrowing has decreased to nearly 3 percent for some companies. According to Snorri Olsen, Iceland’s Customs director, “There’s a tendency to look at work usually done by men as more valuable. This is technically a discussion of equal pay, but it’s really a question about equality in our society.” And that’s shown in the way women act in the workforce as well. Typically, women negotiate lower salaries than their male counterparts, and men are four times more likely to ask for a raise. And even when women are comfortable in asking for a raise, they ask for 30 percent less (on average) than their male counterparts. According to board member/owner, Anna Kristin Kristjansdottir, “You’d be sitting there doing the interview, and they’d ask for less. The audit showed this was a flaw in our recruitment, that we were allowing this to happen and didn’t quite realize it.” And really, that’s what it comes down to. As a society, we are so used to valuing women’s work as less than men’s (even in seemingly equal positions) that we don’t even realize when it’s right in front of us. This is what makes closing the wage gap so difficult it’s very hard to detect without such drastic interventions as time and cost consuming audits. Again, this is about far more than a wage gap it’s about equality as a whole. And as a society, our perception of equality is completely off. Just because you feel equal doesn’t mean that’s the case. According to Viglundsson, “When it comes to the workplace, men have enjoyed a certain level of privilege for a long time. But if you look at the vested interests for society of eliminating discrimination against women, that far outweighs any regulatory burden.” Basically, we can all learn from the Icelandic government. It’s going to be a long battle, and it’s going to be costly, but in the end, it’s going to be completely worth it. An equal country in terms of gender can you imagine? One small step for Iceland, a giant leap for equality worldwide.

?? How can Technology Improve Learning

?? How can Technology Improve Learning How can Technology Improve Learning? At Tutorful, we passionately believe that technology can lead to great advances in the quality of education provision. We spoke to Atif Mahmood, Founder of Lumici Slate, who gave us his take on how schools can improve learning by harnessing new technologies.Morning Atif, great to speak to you today. Firstly, can you tell us a little about Lumici Slate, the project you're working on currently?Lumici Slate is an online educational platform that enables teachers to collaboratively plan lessons online with other teachers, saving teachers up to 20 hours a week on planning. My aim was simple to increase student engagement and to save teachers hours off planning and preparation. The reason why schools are using Lumici Slate; we make it easy for teachers to create interactive and engaging lessons with learning goals attached. They can be easily shared amongst teachers in your school and edited to fit each class. With its simple and instinctive interface no training is needed and teachers can build their lesson libraries straight away. Students can take control of their learning with teachers helping to structure their learning environment. Analytics allow teachers to see the progress each student is making.With its simple and instinctive interface no training is needed and teachers can build their lesson libraries straight away. Students can take control of their learning with teachers helping to structure their learning environment. Analytics allow teachers to see the progress each student is making.Where did the idea come from? I take it that you were a teacher yourself?As a former teacher and head of department, I know workload and planning in particular is a huge issue and I want to help reduce workload. The resources market places, VLE's and Learning Platforms have just not worked and many schools and colleges are looking for a much simpler solution. The more teacher and head teachers I spoke to the more positive feedback I got about Lumici Slate and its value pro position. We saw you pitch at the recent Northern Stars event, where the audience voted for you guys as their favourite company. Why do you think people seem to take to the product?People can relate to a teacher either through a sibling, partner, parent or as a school governor. Teacher's are one of the most valuable assets we have in this country and we should understand they spend many hours extra ontop of their normal working hours to provide the best educational experience for our children. My daughter is 4 and started school very recently and I hope one day she will use Lumici Slate in her school. Aesthetically Lumici Slate looks and feels extraordinary, we have spent a lot of time and effort on the user experience and user interface design.So, is this where you see education moving to... a more technology enhanced era?Absolutely, the right technology that can become a cornerstone of any classroom instead of a barrier. Traditionally VLE's and Learning Platforms are expensive, o nly a small percentage of teachers are technical enough to use it and a huge barrier to adoption is the amount of training required. More teachers like your self and me understand the pain points of teachers, parents and students and we are starting to see web and mobile applications that are starting to have a real impact in and out the classroom. Schools and colleges are adopting and using tablet devices and Lumici Slate along with other apps provide an affective workflow solution. Following on from that, I suppose the next question is... do you think that children will continue to learn in classrooms in the future or are we moving away form that, more traditional, approach?Teachers will always be part of any educational system in any part of the world, I have no doubt. Children will still attend school but will have better technology to assist both teachers and students. Take for example ALT school in the USA, teachers are still part of the ecosystem, the only difference is techn ology is a core part of the way teachers teach and students learn, that interaction between a teacher and student is so important. Are there any other companies out there (apart from us!) who you feel are pushing the envelope in how they're using tech?I really like SAM labs, I think they are innovative and their products to help younger children learn programming are awesome.Finally, do you have any words of advice for other teachers or educators who are contemplating starting their own EdTech company?Think long term and not short term. Be prepared to nurture your customers and go the extra mile to get them onboard your journey. Sometimes you will wake up in the morning and feel you can't see the progress but you have put so much effort in, it's ok to feel like that, don't give up and keep at it. Make sure you understand the value proposition and clearly convey that to your customers.

What Is The Definition Of Chemistry?

What Is The Definition Of Chemistry?The definition of chemistry is not that hard to define. For the average person, it is usually defined as 'the science that deals with elements and compounds.' However, the definition of the term changes according to what the term is used for.Chemists are the people who research substances which are made up of certain elements. In this definition, there are three elements. One is hydrogen, which is the base element that all other elements are made of. There are also oxygen, nitrogen, and silicon.The next element is called argon, and it has the properties of oxygen, and this is the reason why it is called the second element. In the dictionary, you will see that the word argon is defined as an element that is named after a person.The next element is helium, and it is actually made up of the two elements, argon and hydrogen. The third element is xenon, and it is made up of the same elements as the first two. Oxygen is the last element in the definition of chemistry. It is what is referred to as the basic element.The definitions of the term can vary between different definitions of the term. For example, some people use the definition that chemistry is the study of chemical reactions. Other definitions use a different definition, and they say that chemistry is the study of materials. Still other definitions use a definition that talks about how atoms are the smallest units of matter, and this is the definition that is commonly used.All definitions have one common thread and that is that they all talk about the properties of chemical compounds. There are no individuals, groups, or species in this definition, but only compounds. These compounds are made up of elements, molecules, and even atoms.The definition of chemistry can be broken down into several parts. One part talks about the properties of compounds, another talks about the properties of matter, and the next part talks about the properties of atoms. It does not matter what definition you use, but you should always keep in mind that it is all about chemistry. So make sure that you use the correct term to define your definition of chemistry.

Great Outdoor Activities in Yuba City

Great Outdoor Activities in Yuba CityIf you're looking for something to learn about the history of the famous birthplace of Elvis Presley, the beauty of Yosemite Valley, or why there is so much natural beauty in the hills of Bartlett, this is the right place for you. Bartlett Tutoring has a world-class staff that provides high quality services to those who are interested in a field of study that has become popular as of late, yet offers facilities to those who are just starting out. They can also help you with anything that you need to know about cars, transportation, or what it takes to be a professional.If you've always wanted to know more about the life of a country boy from Wyoming, Bartlett Tutoring has the perfect opportunity for you. To be honest, there's not much to do in Wyoming outside of hunting, camping, and the Wyoming State Fair. But the people there are so friendly and helpful that you'll never have to worry about spending your life there.Those who choose to seek educa tion at Bartlett Tutoring will gain vast knowledge from the many nature trails found throughout the state. There are some hills in the state of Wyoming that offer breathtaking views. You can enjoy your vacation by hiking and exploring these hills.If you love hiking, there are plenty of hiking trails in Yuba City that can be discovered easily on foot. You can get involved in hiking tours at the Sierra Nevada Trail System or the Grand Canyon National Park.If you are interested in exploring the River Canyon, there are several trails that wind through the beautiful Sierra Nevada Mountains in Yuba City. The Kaweah Trail goes through the valley of the Sacramento River.The mountain and desert areas in Yuba City are amazing. So much natural beauty and culture exist here. That's why many locals live here, because they enjoy living a lifestyle so different from the rest of the world.For people who like the way of life of a cowboy, there are plenty of spots in Yuba City to find a small ranch s tyle home. You can still be close to the action but not be far from all the temptations.

A Practical Guide For Your Trip To Portugal

A Practical Guide For Your Trip To Portugal Visit Portugal: Portuguese Mini Guide For Planning Your Trip ChaptersWhat To Monuments And Attractions Can You Find In Portugal?Which Are The Most Beautiful Cities In Portugal?How Much Does It Cost To Stay In Portugal?Cost Of Activities And SightseeingIf you plan to visit Portugal, then you have made an excellent choice because it is just a stunning country with a bit of everything; from cities to sandy beaches, from historical castles to religious monasteries, from bustling modern cities to mountainous villages with cobblestone streets.Portuguese culture is very interesting, and all you have to do to discover it is to book your airfare or train and arrive in the country. On a visit to Portugal, you will find that the Portuguese people are friendly, accommodating if you don’t speak Portuguese and very welcoming.A trip to Portugal lays out unlimited opportunities for sightseeing, as well as trying Portuguese food, drinks and socialising. So Many millions of tourists visit Portugal every year so while the path to the country is not an untrodde n one. The traveller will have the chance to meet other travellers and local Portuguese people alike.Depending on your itinerary you can discover the enchanting culture and uncover things you didn’t know about Portugal. This is possible by walking alone in the hilltops of small towns and villages or at large social events that attract millions of people every year. Like the annual cultural festivals, medieval festivals and music festivals in the summer months.Although some people like the improvisation of doing things at the last minute, there is something to be said for planning a bit. At least it is good to have an idea of what you can find at your destination.If you arrive in Lisbon, you can have a tour in the capital city and its neighbourhoods like Alfama. Or you can go to listen to fado music in the bars of cities like Evora, Cascais, or Porto. You can walk the beaches of faro in the Algarve or the Azores islands archipelago or tick off the long list of Unesco world heritage sites. Whatever you decide here are some pointers to help you decide.Portugal is a very stunning bright and colorful atmosphere. Photo Source: Unsplash IrineuPortuguese Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GabrielaPortuguese Teacher 5.00 (2) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JoanaPortuguese Teacher 5.00 (1) £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouisePortuguese Teacher 5.00 (2) £27/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RodrigoPortuguese Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors BlancaPortuguese Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors CarolinaPortuguese Teacher 5.00 (5) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamPortuguese Teacher 5.00 (6) £11/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat To Monuments And Attractions Can You Find In Portugal?Palace Of The Regaleira In SintraOnce in the city of Sintra, you can find the Palace of the Regaleira which has been Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It i s located in the historic centre of Sintra, and the palace is built in a 4-hectare park which was created by Antonio Augusto Carvalho Monteiro and Luigi Manini in the early 20th century. By visiting it, you will be able to observe the many references to Freemasonry and Templars and discover all the secrets of construction.The Sanctuary Of Bom Jesus Do Monte In BragaThe Sanctuary of the Bom Jesus do Monte is a religious and tourist site in the city of Braga in northern Portugal. Here you can admire a stunning baroque-inspired church built in the 18th century. You can climb the stairs to the top or take a hydraulic funicular both allow visitors access to a spectacular landscape view offered by this construction.Here is a short list of some of the most beautiful Portuguese monuments that should not be missed:Belem Tower in Lisbon,*Jeronimos Monastery in Lisbon,*Sanctuary of Bom Jesus Do Monte in Braga,National Palace of Pena in Sintra,*Palace of the Regaleira in Sintra,Convent of Chris t in Tomar,Alcobaça Monastery *Guimaraes Castle,*Monastery of Batalha, *Pont Dom LuisNational Museum of Azulejo in Lisbon,Château d’Obidos *At least seven of these buildings are on the Portuguese nominated 7 wonders of Portugal list (*). A selection made to highlight the country's historic monuments and attract the attention of visitors.To visit all these beautiful monuments of Portugal, do not hesitate to take advantage of the free first Sundays of each month or discounts for students or under 26 years. Finally, the Lisboa Card will allow you to enjoy several visits and free transportation. A little travel tip to maximise your itinerary and save money on your trip.No matter where you visit in Portugal, you will certainly find something to discover the history of Portugal and its culture.cities like Aveiro nicknamed the little Venice of Portugal, will disorient you for sure. Photo Source: UnsplashWhich Are The Most Beautiful Cities In Portugal?When preparing to visit Portugal, I t’s a good idea to have an idea of exciting cities to visit which can serve as your base for day trip and exploration. Of course, when you are short of time you don’t want to waste time, we all know about the capital city of Lisbon, it is often a favourite destination for weekend travellers, and it is easy to arrive here as Several airlines offer more than reasonable rates to reach this colourful, bustling capital city. But what about other cities in Portugal?. Let’s take a look at the most beautiful cities in the country from a cultural and tourist point of view.Porto is good for lovers of big cities and serves as an alternative to Lisbon, or one more destination on the route. Known for its wine of the same name, Porto will introduce you to the wines of the country in a very stunning bright and colourful atmosphere.For more peace, try cities like Aveiro nicknamed the little Venice of Portugal, will disorient you for sure. Viana Do Castelo is very close to the sea and will be perfect for a relaxing holiday. If you like history go to Sintra, Obidos or Monsaraz. Between old castles, royal palaces and archaeological traces of prehistory. Let’s not forget the white sand beaches of Faro, anywhere you go you will not be disappointed.Portugal is a country offering incredible landscapes, If you are dedicated, you can discover them all by crossing the country from north to south. Go for it!Porto will introduce you to the wines of the country in a very stunning bright and colorful atmosphere. Photo Source: UnsplashHow Much Does It Cost To Stay In Portugal?Every day hundreds of flights land in Lisbon, Porto or Faro bringing millions of tourists every year. Many for the first time and many who return as often as their schedule will allow. But what prices should tourists expect when they arrive?Accommodation CostsOnce there, several housing solutions are available to you. Hotels, sleeping in homestays, camping, just to name a few. Everything will depend on your bud get and the way you travel.For a hotel room expect to pay anywhere from €30 for a comfortable room in a basic hotel. A luxury hotel, will upwards of €100.Hostels can save you a lot of money and start from around €8 for a bed in a dormitory.Camping can cost as little as €3 for a pitch for your tent.Guesthouses and home stays from €35The prices of guest houses can vary completely depending on the services offered and their location. Here is a selection of some guest houses to give you an idea.Chalet Saudade in Sintra  60 € / nightYour GuestHouse in Porto  50 € / nightThe Chiado feeling in Lisbon  34 € / nightFood CostsYou can save money by buying food in markets and supermarkets, or you can eat out in local restaurants and cafes. Whatever you decide its important to prepare your budget.Supermarket shopping, you can get by with around €50 for a week.The restaurants, meanwhile, serve menus from € 12 - € 13+. Of course, you will pay more for fancy restaurants, and i t also depends on what you order.Fast food can be found from €5Transport CostsTransport is an essential aspect of your budget and depending on where you are coming from it may be a significant part. But traveling in Europe is cheap and so are flights with budget airlines. Ryanair for example often sells tickets for less than €50 return from most capital cities in major European countries. In the off-season, prices can sometimes drop even lower to around €30 per round trip.Buses can also save you money, and with the Eurolines bus company, the price of a one-way ticket is on average € 60 to € 100. If you want to move around in Portugal to explore other cities, it is possible to use the TGV which is still more expensive than the regional train or the option of the bus, but it can save you some time. If you want to save why not take the regional train and read a book while you wait with prices from around €18 for the Lisbon-Porto route. You can really enjoy Portugal and trav el around more. To reach the suburban cities, expect to pay around €10 by bus.Cost Of Activities And SightseeingTourist activities can easily go up to € 20 per person per day depending on what it is that you want to do. However, you can just partake of free activities should you want to save money. Going to museums on the first Sunday of the month, for example, is free. Speaking with local can help you learn some useful travel tips to save money and maximise your activities.Are you ready to book your trip to Portugal and start exploring this awe inspiring country? Let’s go!

What is it Like to Attend University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

What is it Like to Attend University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Ryan is a Chicago tutor who specializes in College Essay prep tutoring, World History tutoring, Geometry, and more. He graduated from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2008 with a degree in Political Science and History. See what he had to say about his alma mater: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Ryan: The setting is downstate away from the hustle and bustle of the Chicago area in the quiet towns of Champaign and Urbana. It is a safe campus and the bus system is very reliable. The campus is quite large but not so spread out so that you may walk, bike, or bus around campus in a timely manner. I would not recommend a car unless you live off campus, as on-campus parking is expensive and it is difficult to find a parking spot. VT: How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Ryan: For such a large university, U of I is very personable. I found that I was able to talk to professors, AAs, and TAs whenever I needed to do so. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Ryan: U of I has the largest Greek (fraternity/sorority) system in the country. Socialization opportunities are widespread. The dorms are O.K., and they are large so that you will find that you have an increased opportunity to find your niche of friends. Many restaurants on campus, and many places deliver very late. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Ryan: I would have to say that U of I is best known for its Engineering and Computer Science programs. If this is your interest, a job after graduation is guaranteed. I studied Political Science and History in the Liberal Arts and Sciences College. Renowned scholars are in this area, and U of I has a world-class reputation in its LAS programs. I entered graduate school with the tools to succeed because of U of I, and am rapidly approaching attaining my PhD. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Ryan: As mentioned above, U of I has a large Greek system. I myself did not join a fraternity, as I had many friends from high school also attending U of I. I also befriended many people on my dorm floor. As U of I is a large school, I would say making friends as a freshman is easier than other schools. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Ryan: U of I is Illinois flagship university. I cant think of a company that does not come to campus looking for employees. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Ryan: Libraries can get overcrowded at night, so get there early. There are plenty of them, however, so you can find your favorite! There are enough places to study. I would recommend staying away from dorm lounges, as they usually end up being social forums and you cant get much studying done. Libraries, coffee shops, and the student union are where I went to study. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Ryan: Champaign-Urbana is a small dual-city area of about 100,000 people. It is compact and small and easy to navigate. The town offers everything that a Chicago suburb may, but other than that there is not anything that really stands out about the area. Campus is the best part of town, so I recommend staying close. Besides, you are there to study anyway, right? VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Ryan: Lectures can be huge. My biggest class had nearly 800 students. However, you are also assigned a discussion section with a TA for each large class so that you can have the personal and small class setting as well. These are usually about 30 students per class. The upper-tier classes when you are a junior and senior are smaller and more personalized. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Ryan: My favorite class was a political science class with Professor Scott Althaus. It was on the science of campaigning. We did real-world statistics and marketing strategies to learn how campaign managers do what they do and win elections; a very interesting and very real-world applicable class. Check out Ryans tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

Mirror Formula

Mirror Formula Mirror Formula (Concave Mirror) Mirrors are a part of our life! It is quite natural for all of us to look at ourselves when we pass across a mirror. As common as it is to find a mirror or to look at our image, the science behind the mirror is actually fascinating. The mirrors which we use in our daily life are the flat or the plane mirrors (they are not curved), and any object in front of it appears exactly the same size in the mirror. The distance of the objects image is also formed exactly at the same distance behind the mirror as the distance the object is in front of the mirror. This phenomenon is explained by the laws of reflection. Laws of reflection applies to both flat mirrors and curved mirrors. The reflection of an object in a curved mirror forms an image which is not necessarily located at the same distance as the objects distance. Also, the image size is not necessarily the same as the objects size. However, these details can be estimated by using the Mirror Formula. In order to understand the mirror formula, let us first take a look at how an image is formed in a concave mirror. Curved Mirrors: The basic curved mirrors can be considered as a part of the spherical mirrors. It appears as though a spherical mirror has been sliced thus forming the two basic types of curved mirrors. When the inner curved surface is silvered to form a reflecting surface then it is the concave mirror, and when the outer surface of the curve is silvered to form a reflecting surface, then it is the convex mirror. The two basic types of curved mirrors are: i. Concave Mirror: A mirror that is curved inward and has a center that goes inward. ii. Convex Mirror: A mirror that is curved outward, and has a center that comes outward. What is a Concave Mirror? A Concave mirror is a mirror that is curved inward, and hence has the center that goes inward. A simple way to remember this is by taking the word cave from concave, and think that concave mirrors cave inward, just like you are looking inside a cave! For a concave mirror, the inner surface of the curve is silvered so that it forms the reflecting surface. In order to understand reflection upon a concave mirror, there are important terms to be understood. Center of Curvature: Considering that a concave mirror is actually a part of a sphere, the point which is the center of this sphere is known as the Center of Curvature C. Principal Axis: The line connecting the center of the sphere and the center of the mirror is the known as the Principal Axis. Vertex (or Pole): The point where the Principal Axis meets the mirror (the reflecting surface) is known as the Vertex or the Pole of the mirror. The vertex can also be defined as the center of the mirror taken geometrically. In the figure on the right, it is represented by the letter P. Radius of curvature: The distance from the center of curvature to the vertex is known as the radius of curvature, R. Focal point: The midpoint between the center of curvature and the vertex is known as the Focal point F. Focal distance (or focal length): The distance from the mirror to the focal point is known as the Focal distance, f. The Law of Reflection: Our eyes make it possible to see everything around us. But then why in dark, any object even in front of our eyes is not visible? This is because of the absence of light. When light falls on an object, it is reflected back and this reflected light rays reach our eyes and hence make the object visible to us. The Law of Reflection explains this behavior of light, and this law can be applied to both plane mirrors and curved mirrors. The ray of light that approaches a mirror is known as the Incident ray. The point at which the light ray strikes the mirror is known as the Point of Incidence. The ray of light that returns back from the mirror is known as the Reflected ray. At the point of incidence, the line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror is known as the Normal line. The angle formed in between the incident ray and the reflected ray is divided by this normal line, and therefore 2 angles are formed. The angle formed in between the incident ray and the normal is known as the Angle of Incidence, and the angle formed in between the normal and the reflected ray is known as the Angle of Reflection. The Law of Reflection states that when a light ray reflects off a surface (flat or curved), then the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection Reflection in a Concave Mirror: The law of reflection of light is applied to both flat mirrors and curved mirrors. The reflection law helps us to determine the location of the image for a particular object. This image location is observed as the point where all the reflected light rays appear to be diverging. It is not an easy task to use the law of reflection in a curved mirror and estimate the image location. In order to do this, the normal line which is the line drawn at the point of incidence perpendicular to the curved surface must be drawn and then the law of reflection must be applied to determine the image location. The 2 rules which help us find the image location in a concave mirror are: i. If any incident ray travels parallel to the principal axis, then after reflection on the concave mirror its reflected ray will pass through the focal point. ii. If any incident ray passes through the focal point, then after reflection on the concave mirror its reflected ray will travel parallel to the principal axis. Characteristics of Image formed in Concave Mirrors: In order to determine the size of the image, orientation, location and the type of image formed by the reflection of the object in the concave mirrors, ray diagrams were constructed. Using the ray diagrams, the characteristics of the image for a certain object location can be described. Some of the important characteristics that are commonly analyzed from ray diagrams are: Location of the image relative to the objects location. Orientation of the image whether the image is upright or is inverted. Size of the image relative to the objects size whether it is reduced, magnified or is the same size as the object. Type of image formed whether the image is a real image or is a virtual image. There are 5 general locations where the object is placed, and with respect to these locations the characteristics of the image are observed. Location 1: The object is placed beyond the Center of Curvature If the object is placed beyond the center of curvature C, then the image will be formed at a location in between the center of curvature and the focal point. The orientation of the image is inverted, and therefore in this case an inverted image is formed. The size of the image is reduced, which implies that the image formed is smaller in dimensions than the objects dimensions. The type of image formed in this case is a real image. This is because the light rays converge at the image location due to which a real image is formed. To observe this practically, a sheet of paper can be placed at the location of the image and it will be observed that the replica of the object (reduced in size) would appear on the paper. Location 2: The object is placed at the center of curvature If the object is located at the center of curvature C, then the image is also formed at the center of curvature. The orientation of the image is inverted, and therefore in this case an inverted image is formed. The size of the image is exactly the same as the size of the object. Therefore the object and image have same dimensions. The image formed in this case is a real image as the light rays converge at the location of the image. This implies that the formed image can be practically observed on the sheet of paper when the paper is placed at the image location. Location 3: The object is located in between the center of curvature and the focal point If the object is located in anywhere between the center of curvature C and the focal point F, then the image is formed beyond the center of curvature. The orientation of the image is inverted and therefore in this case an inverted image is formed. The size of the image is magnified in this case. This implies that the formed image will have dimensions greater than the objects dimensions. The image formed in this case is a real image. This is because the rays of light converge at the location of the image and therefore the image can be practically observed on a sheet of paper when the paper is placed at the image location. Location 4: The object is placed at the focal point If the object is located at the focal point, then there is no image formed. This is because the rays of light from the focal point (which also happen to be the objects location) will reflect upon the mirror and will neither converge nor diverge. After reflection, these reflected rays travel parallel to each other and therefore no image is formed. Location 5: The object is placed in front of the focal point If the object is placed anywhere in front of the focal point, then the image will be always formed on the opposite side of the concave mirror. The orientation of the image is upright, which implies that the image is not inverted and is upright just like the object. The size of the image formed in this case is magnified. This implies that the dimensions of the image are greater than the dimensions of the object. The type of image formed in this case is a virtual image. This is because the rays of light after reflection upon the concave mirror diverge. In order to get the point of intersection of these diverging rays, the reflected rays are extended backwards and this takes us behind the mirror. This point of intersection of the reflected rays is the image location and since it is formed behind the mirror, hence it is a virtual image. In this case there will be no image formed on the sheet of paper as light does not actually pass through the location of the image. Mirror Formula: Ray diagrams are extremely helpful in trying to understand and to determine the location of the image, its orientation, size, and the type of image formed. However, the ray diagrams do not give us the numerical details such as how far the image is located from the object etc. In order to find the numerical details we use the Mirror Formula. Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/do + 1/di Here f = focal length do = object distance di = image distance Sign Convention: f = positive, if the mirror is a concave mirror (it is negative if it is a convex mirror). di = positive, if it is a real image located on the same side as the object. di = negative, if it is a virtual image and is located behind the mirror. Magnification formula: The ratio of the height of the image and the height of the object is equal to the ratio of the image distance and the object distance. This equation is known as the Magnification equation. Magnification, M = hi/ ho = - di/do Here, hi = image height ho = object height di = image distance do = object distance Sign Convention: hi = positive, if the image is upright (this also implies that the image in the concave mirror is virtual) hi = negative, if the image is inverted (this also implies that the image in the concave mirror is real) Example: A 3.00cm tall lamp is placed at a distance of 26.4cm from the concave mirror. The concave mirror has a focal length of 15.00cm. Determine the image distance and the size of the image. Given information: ho = 3.00cm do = 26.4cm f = 15cm If the focal length of the concave mirror is 15cm, then it implies that the center of curvature which is double the focal length is at 30cm. From the given object distance and focal length, we can observe that the object is actually placed in between the center of curvature and the focal point. Applying the Mirror Formula we have: 1/f = 1/do + 1/di 1/15 = 1/26.4 + 1/di This implies: 1/di = 1/15 1/26.4 Taking the common denominator we get: 1/di = (26.4 15)/ 396 1/di = 11.4/396 So, di = 396/26.4 == di = 34.7cm (approximately) This implies that the image distance is 34.7cm Now, to find the image size we use the Magnification equation Magnification, M = hi/ ho = - di/do This implies: hi/ 3.00 = - 34.7/ 26.4 hi = - 3.94cm (approximately) Therefore the size of the image is - 3.94cm (negative value implies that the image is inverted). Magnification, M = hi/ ho Hence, M = 3.94/ 3 = 1.31 (nearly) Now, from the calculated image distance, di we can observe that the location of the image is far beyond the center of curvature and this fits in perfectly well with our above mentioned Location 3 - the object located in between the center of curvature and the focal point. Also, we can observe that the image formed is magnified and since it is inverted it is also a real image!

Factor the Polynomial

Factor the Polynomial Factor the polynomial is a very effective tool which is utilized in the factorization. In polynomial, poly means many so this tool can e used for any type, that is, it can be used to factorize monomial, binomial, trinomial or higher etc. This tool uses step by step instructions to factorize and also it is used to factorize by adapting all factorization rules and methods. The most important point here is to understand the applicability of formula to be used in different-different problems. Question 1:- Factor the following expression: - x^2 + 14x+ 49 Solution 1:- In this question given expression is x^2+ 14x + 49 This is basically a quadratic equation, so here we will us middle term splitting method, which is shown below That is: - x^2 + 7x + 7x + 49 = x(x+7) +7 (x+7) = (x+7) (x+7) So this is the required equation. Question 2:- Factor the following expression: - x^3 + 50x^2 + 50x+2500 Solution 2:- In this question given expression is x^3 + 50x^2 + 50x + 2500 There is basically no common factor in above equation for all four terms. But it is quite clear that there is some common factor between first and second term and also between third and fourth term. So we will take common accordingly Therefore x^3 + 50x^2 + 50x + 2500 = x^2 (x+ 50) + 50(x+50) Now we can see that (x+50) can be taken out So x^3 + 50x^2 + 50x + 2500= (x+50) (x^2 +50)